Seen from a water treatment perspective, our technical goal is constantly to provide, transparent and safe water to drink without any bad smell or bacteria, etc. What we have achieved so far by sending from Japan 8 staff members and engineers to carry out about 10 days of intensive work in Gode, in close cooperation with the Jijiga water bureau this November, was the installation of a total water treatment mechanism consisting of;
This is now allowing us to produce a daily maximum capacity of 500 tons of safe portable water at the water reservoir in Gode. Before our departure from Gode we identified the output of about 320 tons of safe water available during 8 hours’ daily operation.
However it is to be noted that the water quality of the river is very special in that it has extremely high turbidity ranking among the worst cases in the world such as China’s Yellow river and Cambodia’s Green River. Because of this extraordinary turbidity, smooth and more effective operation shall require the construction of a water gate in the river, which will slow down the flow of water before pumping it up to the sedimentation pool. By this manner, the amount of turbidity shall be greatly reduced by a simple operation, and once this gate is constructed, the flocculation process will work much more effectively, therefore the level of water going to the sand filtration will be enormously improved. Naturally the negative nature of the water, especially because of its high mud, will be ideally reduced to an international standard and also the maintenance work of every section, especially that of the sand filtration, will become really easy and reliable.
The rapid mixers and chemical pumps:
Installed for both left and right pools, these regularly add aluminum sulfate to make flocks that will be scraped every three days by our original scraper.
The scraper is originally designed not only for the sedimentation pool in Gode but can be easily applied to other water treatment systems using the Chebele river as their sources of water.
This is run by a gasoline engine and operates at the one side of the sedimentation pool. Having delivered detailed mechanical plans to Jijiga water bureau, we suggest they duplicate another for the other side. A rough estimate for making another one locally may be around 15,000 to 20,000USD according to a local workshop.
Once the other one is installed then this will make possible 24 hour operation and or easy and more proper maintenance & operational work.
Please see that the high turbidity is making the sand filter not functioning at all. This pools have to be completely cleaned and re-filled with proper filtration sand before starting normal operation following proper cleaning, maintenance schedule.
We estimate that the surface of the sand of each pool may need a cleaning by man power every three days or so under the present situation. This is depending on the proper maintenance and operation of the sedimentation pool.
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安全な水を常時供給することが事業の技術的な目標であり今回日本から７名を派遣し、エチオピア滞在１０日間による現地工事にて主に下記の事項を行いました。
第一次目標の1日あたり500トン安全な水供給をクリアーする基本的な要素は配備された。今回出張中の計量では8時間の稼動で概算320トンのフローが確認された。
凝集剤を注入、攪拌する装置を２セット設置した。消耗品や薬品は現地調達が簡易に可能。
今回２つある沈殿槽の片方のためのかかきよせ機を日本で制作し設置した。もう片方の機械の制作図面を先方に渡した。一部の高精度の部品やユニットを除けば１万から２万ドル程度で現地生産が可能と考えている。この仕組みは同様の状況にある南部の河川を水源とする場合の濁度対策として大変有効であると考え、今回オリジナルで設計、開発したものである。
現在、汚泥がたまって本来の機能はまったくしていない。完全に汚泥を取り除き、清掃した後にあらためて専用のろ過用の砂をいれる必要がある。昨年はこの専用の砂が入っていたので手配可能だと考えられる。
この全体的な洗浄を行ったあとでも濁度対策を日常的に行う必要があり、数日に１回は砂の上部をマンパワーでかきだして洗浄したのち、再度ろ過地にもどす作業を繰り返す必要がある。
日本国内での研修において再三にわたって指導した滅菌の流れと検査を実施してもらえれば供給水は100％安全でありつづけることが出来る。現在エチオピアでは滅菌薬をパウダーのものを使っているが、これは機械をつまらせる故障の主たる原因となるので世界的には使用されていない。したがって液状の滅菌剤に変更することを強く要請した。今回の設置作業では半年弱はオペレート可能な薬のストックを供給した。
旱魃地でありながら年に数回は洪水状態となり給水施設が水没してしまうことが判明。排水バルブがないことも日々の機械への負荷が過剰となる原因であることから排水バルブの取り付けを指導した。
ゴデの地主が経営している給水場（これは未処理の川の水です）にはロバで２００リッターあたり２ブルで村人が水を買いにきます。これを街の中心部では最大１０ブルで販売しています。
行政の配管システムでメイン配管は太い鉄製のものであるからそこから各エリアへの配管はポリエチレン（柔軟で曲がりやショックに強い）チューブで行うのが簡単で良いと考えている。
ジジガに基本的なラボラトリー設備を寄付。専用の建物を建設中であったので設置は出来なかったが追加で現地手配が必要となる設備や備品を説明し消耗品などの手配先情報を提供した。
＊西ゴデ開発地域の灌漑用水工事と給水場の工事風景
＊ゴデの農業大学が国の予算で制作した給水場。どこでも河川の濁度が問題となって機能していない。きちんと給水できていない状況はどこでも共通であり今回のプロジェクトを真似することで機能させることが出来ると思われる。
Gode病院への手動式の浄水装置を寄付。緊急時や遠隔地での出張治療に活用できると大変喜ばれました。フィルターのみ１年に１回程度交換すればあとは日常の手入れと給水場でも使用する滅菌薬を入れるだけで長年にわたって使用可能。
The amount of chlorine to be added shall be determined by daily measurement of the residual chlorine, as this is the guideline for safe portable water.
Also we insist on starting use of liquid instead of powdered chlorine, because powder is sure to destroy the injection pump after some time. This is why nowadays major water treatment units all over the world use liquid.
To see if the pump capacity matches the whole system.
To find a way to avoid risk of damage to the pump when the river water floods into the pumping house.
To make a draining bulb to evacuate mud accumulated overnight during pumping.
To make sure of the proper distribution of water equally to all inhabitants of Gode. And to establish a charging system for water provision.
This is basic but complete professional laboratory equipment meeting international standards of reliability. Some chemicals that are good for another several months are included. However the local bureau has to procure a regular supply for monthly operation after the initial stock of chemicals is all consumed.
We suggest regular inspection of every water treatment spot in the Somali region as well as monthly monitoring of the water quality of the Chevele river and the treated water in Gode. Such data, when accumulated over several years, will sure to contribute greatly to planning a future water treatment system, its operation ,renovation, upgrade and preparation for any further improvement, or will alert people or national media if necessary. This is all the more important when we secure an abundant supply of water and face another problem, namely the sanitary system of the total city water supply, waste water and drainage. The more the water supply, the more dangerous the risk of contamination. While the entire world is getting more and more conscious about environmental issues, entering into the network of an international level of water laboratories is going to assure the basic security of human life, combatting man made dangers or harm.
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